It’s a jungle out in the silver markets. Investors are holding on for their lives as the price of metals swings to higher highs and lower lows and junior equities bounce along the bottom. In this interview with The Gold Report, David H. Smith, senior analyst at silver-investor.com’s The Morgan Report, navigates the jungle by advising which explorers, midtiers, stalwarts and royalties to consider buying in tranches on the way down and selling on the inevitable way up.

The Gold Report: David, Silver Investor analyzes the long-term macro trends and specific stock catalysts in the silver market. What do you see as the risk/reward profile over the next 12 to 36 months in the space?

David Smith: A lot of people, including myself, are looking for a bottom. It may be in—or it may not be in. The secret is to focus on the upside, which could be 10 or 15 times higher, rather than asking if it could be two or three dollars lower. That makes it easier to buy at these prices.

TGR: How long could this slump last?

DS: Mining stocks have been disconnected from the metals prices for almost two years. We had major tops in gold and silver, but the mining stocks, almost across the board, regardless of quality, have gone down, down, down. The disconnect is greater than two standard deviations away from the norm. That sort of thing can last a while, but it doesn’t happen very often. In fact, there’s a 97% probability that it wouldn’t happen or that it wouldn’t stay there if it did. I think that we are nearing the end. We could see this weakness go into the late summer/early fall, but I think we are building an important base even if we go lower. The stronger that base gets and the broader it becomes, the more likely it will move violently on the upside. If you have no position waiting for this, you will be left behind.

TGR: How do investors survive the horrendous swings going on in the meantime?

DS: Volatility can be a good thing if you are prepared for it. The secret is to not wait for those swings to occur and try to predict them because you’ll be jumping on what Jsmineset’s Jim Sinclair calls a rhino horn and you’ll get speared. If you’re able to do the opposite of what most people do, to buy weakness and then sell a little bit into strength, you can smooth out the big swings. I believe that we’ll see swings of $100–200/ounce ($100–200/oz) a day in gold when this thing finally moves into the public mania phase. It would not surprise me to see $5–10/oz swings in the price of silver in one day. We saw this during the bull market that ended in 1980 and I think the price increases are going to be much greater this time around. If you have layered your positions, your mining stocks, your exchange-traded funds (ETFs), your physical purchases into weakness, when the swings happen you won’t be affected as much as most of the public.

TGR: Would you like to make any predictions about the silver prices over the next 10 years?

DS: This is always very difficult. Economic conditions are a major variable because, as you know, about 70% of the supply of silver comes from byproduct production of copper, lead and zinc. The global economy will affect how much of that is dug out of the ground. Relatively few silver miners receive most of their income from silver as opposed to base metal credits.

Additionally, some of the really large projects now in planning may be delayed or may not come on at all. This includes the Navidad project, which I visited in Argentina before it was purchased by Pan American Silver Corp. (PAA:TSX; PAAS:NASDAQ). It was estimated as a 700 million ounce (700 Moz) to 1 billion ounce (1 Boz) deposit, but due to regulatory problems, that project has been shelved. It may be quite a while before it gets going or it may not go at all.

The Pascua Lama deposit that Barrick Gold Corp. (ABX:TSX; ABX:NYSE) is working on, on the Chile/Argentina border, has also encountered serious legal issues. It could be delayed for a year or two or shelved for good. We don’t know. Barrick has already put a reported $6 billion ($6B) into this deposit. That could mean 20–30 Moz of silver annually that doesn’t go into the stream in the next 10 years. That is a significant impact on supply/demand calculations.

Also let me add that we have an exclusive interview that David Morgan conducted regarding the ownership of Pascua Lama. Right now we are reserving this for our members only.

TGR: We often hear how silver is like gold’s little brother. Other than silver having an industrial demand profile, how are these metals different as investments?

DS: Almost all of the gold that has ever been produced is still out there in some form: in central banks, in private holdings, or in jewelry. A certain amount is used in medical or industrial applications, but not on the scale of silver. When silver is used in radio frequency identification (RFID) chips or electronics, it is gone and must be replaced.

Another increasingly important factor is the emerging popularity of ETFs. Like gold, silver has been real money for people going back thousands of years. It has outlasted every paper system ever developed by humankind. It’s going to outlast the current ones as well, because it preserves purchasing power as paper money loses it.

TGR: Does owning silver equities, particularly small-cap equities, still make sense in this market?

DS: Equities make sense more than ever before because of the disconnect between the price of metals and what the companies can dig out of the ground. The entire mining sector, whether it’s a large producer or an explorer, is high risk. But after buying the physical metal, it makes sense to pick up the equities at all stages. Buy a few of the majors, then go into the midtier section and finally the explorers, which are the highest risk because they may or may not ever go into production. Put a small amount of capital in and allocate it roughly proportionately so that if one choice blows up, the others will make enough that you will still make a profit. Owning equities is very important, but be selective. Scale down any purchases into this historic decline.

TGR: Before we started our interview, you talked about the concept of keeping some money back for what you called stupid cheap prices. Tell us more about that strategy.

DS: I think Doug Casey used this term first, but it was certainly correct. Prices are now lower than what most people thought they would ever sink. I learned something very important in the 2008–2009 meltdown. I started out with about 30% cash at the top. Prices kept dropping as part of what nearly became global financial destruction. I bought quality mining companies down, down, down. Then I ran out of money before the end. I had good quality companies I had bought at pretty low prices, but I didn’t keep back a little bit for what Doug Casey calls stupid cheap prices.

That was when I learned to buy larger price differences. In other words, instead of buying every dollar on a company like Goldcorp Inc. (G:TSX; GG:NYSE), I might buy every $4 down on Goldcorp and keep a little bit back just in case the price went even lower. It was likely to be temporary because it was similar to a rubber band being stretched almost to the breaking point. If you had the courage, the money and the foresight to buy at that point, when that rubber band snapped back, you could make a great deal of money with very little commitment.

Those concepts are as important today as they were in 2008. We may or may not be at the bottom now. There are indications that the mining stocks are bottoming. Some of them may have already, but if we get one more washout, which is possible this summer, and if you have a little bit of money left, you may be able to pick up a company that today is selling for $2/share, for $0.75 or $0.50/share. You will already have your core position, but you will be buying down into that lower level.

Dollar cost averaging is one of the most powerful tools an investor can use. If you’re buying in tranches on the way down, you’re almost rooting for lower prices because you’re going to lower your cost of having that position. There is a saying that when the price goes up you never have enough shares and when it goes down you never have few enough shares. The reality is that you get your initial position in and then you can be calm and watch for lower prices.

TGR: Some of David Morgan’s recent presentations have included royalty equities. What are some royalty equities you’re telling your subscribers about?

DS: David likes stocks that pay dividends. We’re seeing more and I think this is a trend that will continue.Newmont Mining Corp. (NEM:NYSE) has a history of paying good dividends. Royal Gold Inc. (RGLD:NASDAQ; RGL:TSX) and Franco-Nevada Corp. (FNV:TSX; FNV:NYSE) are established, well-managed companies with good cash hoards. They could make the bedrock holding of a portfolio because they can keep giving you some extra profit vitamins while you’re waiting for the share prices to turn around. A lot of times the dividend can be more reflective of the company’s viability than the current share price.

TG: As of March 31, 2013, Franco-Nevada had $867 million ($867M) in working capital, another $60M in marketable securities and about $500M in a credit facility that they haven’t used. That’s $1.4B at the company’s disposal. Any idea how that cash might be used?

DS: I’m sure Franco-Nevada is looking for undervalued acquisitions, extra streaming possibilities. People like Franco-Nevada’s President Pierre Lassonde tend to make decisions that really make sense under the circumstances. The fact that the company is holding on to its money and focusing on getting costs down is what investors want to see. Companies like Franco-Nevada, Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd. (AEM:TSX; AEM:NYSE) and Goldcorp know how to solve problems.

TGR: You mentioned Agnico-Eagle. That company has recently begun taking bite-sized pieces of a number of smaller companies in an effort to get an inside view perhaps of what’s going on in these companies. What do you make of that strategy?

DS: That’s a very viable strategy. A number of companies are doing this right now. Taking a 19% position of an exploration company with an exciting project could give exposure to some big upsides. For example,Hecla Mining Co. (HL:NYSE), which David Morgan followed some 12 years ago, was the highest gaining company percentage-wise on the New York Stock Exchange. It went up 500%. David recommended this when it was around $0.50/share and it went to $5/share. Like Agnico-Eagle, Hecla has taken a position in several of these exploration projects. If they hit well that will be nice for Hecla. If they don’t, they’re not going to be out a lot of money. It also gives a lifeline to these exploration companies that might otherwise not make it because of the tremendously difficult financing environment.

Large companies like Agnico-Eagle, Goldcorp and others are realizing that they have a responsibility to help good exploration companies keep the doors open. If all these companies blow away, the feeder stream that nourishes the large mining companies is going to dry up. It’s like the food chain. If all the baitfish in the Atlantic were gone, the big fish would die because they are dependent on that food chain. Eventually it would be a disaster.

TGR: Are there any other royalty plays you want to talk about?

DS: We were early on the scene with Sandstorm Gold Ltd. (SSL:TSX) before it did a reverse split and then formed, in addition, Sandstorm Metals & Energy Ltd. (SND:TSX.V). The spin-off is struggling a bit now, but has a lot of potential down the line. It’s going to take longer to develop. The royalty companies really have a lot less risk than an outright mining company.

We followed Silver Wheaton Corp. (SLW:TSX; SLW:NYSE) for a number of years. Everybody knows that one now. It is the premier silver streaming company with about 1 Boz under stream. It is a pretty incredible success story.

TGR: Are there some smaller silver names with near-term catalysts that could see a bump on news, whether it’s a study or drill results?

DS: A lot of companies are really undervalued right now. For example, we have followed Endeavour Silver Corp. (EDR:TSX; EXK:NYSE; EJD:FSE) for a number of years. Management constantly follows through and solves problems when they arise. First Majestic Silver Corp. (FR:TSX; AG:NYSE; FMV:FSE) is also best of breed and deserves a place in my portfolio because of its high-quality properties and relatively low country risk.

TGR: Endeavour recently bought the El Cubo project from AuRico Gold Inc. (AUQ:TSX; AUQ:NYSE) and seems to have turned that asset around. What could El Cubo add to Endeavour’s balance sheet?

DS: El Cubo is an interesting situation because Endeavour Silver has done this before. It has taken a relatively high cost property that others spent a lot of money trying to run and introduced efficiencies of scale and production to bring the cost down. I have not visited El Cubo, but I have been to Endeavour Silver’s properties in Mexico twice over the last few years. I have no doubt prices will fall even further. Endeavour is always ahead of the curve in seeing where efficiencies can be made while treating the workforce fairly. This is a company that really knows what it is doing.

TGR: Any other companies you like?

DS: A company we followed a number of years ago and now we are keeping an eye on is Silvercorp Metals Inc. (SVM:TSX; SVM:NYSE) in China. The price is around $3/share right now. It was a $22/share stock at one time. It has a less favorable tax status than it did a few years ago. Some people don’t want to buy a Chinese company, but all the silver production is sold in-country. It has base metal credits that are so significant that it takes the cost of production to a minus level when figuring the dollar price for silver. The company is ramping up production. Some it is expensive right now and there have been social issues, but that will be one to watch. It has a lot of money in the bank and it has been successful in the past.

TGR: How about one more company you like?

DS: Everyone in the industry respects Rob McEwen. I had the honor of being on a tour with him in Argentina seven years ago and have followed him ever since. He’s really someone who does both good and well in the market. He received Canada’s highest civilian honor for service to the society a few years ago. His McEwen Mining Inc. (MUX:NYSE; MUX:TSX) is looking for an elephant in Nevada. We’re not directly following McEwen Mining right now as a formal recommendation, but you should never cancel out someone like that.

TGR: One of McEwen Mining’s key projects is El Gallo in Mexico. What do you think about that project?

DS: McEwen is building a pretty good asset down there. I have a small position in McEwen Mining and given the state of the market now, if things keep declining, I would personally buy more. He also has a 49% share in the San Jose silver-gold project in Argentina and if things improve in-country, it could be a real exciting place to be an investor again.

TGR: You have written about ETFs lately. Do you think that they’ve killed mutual funds or trusts?

DS: I think ETFs can be an important part of a portfolio depending on the investor. They can be used as a management tool. Obviously you can’t redeem them for the metal and some people don’t like it because of that, but the iShares Silver Trust Fund (SLV:NYSE), which is the one best known for silver, tends to mimic the price of the metal. David Morgan has suggested the use of ETFs as a way to hedge at times in his videos to members, as a way to trade. The ETFs based on baskets of mining stocks can also lower equity risk by diversifying the portfolio.

Not all ETFs are well run. Some of them don’t perform as advertised. But they give investors more flexibility than mutual funds. You can only buy and sell mutual funds at the end of the market day but you can buy or sell an ETF just like a regular stock at any time. Some ETFs don’t have a lot of volume, but most of them do. It wouldn’t surprise me if the time comes when the mutual fund industry is just a shell of what it is today because the ETFs are providing a tremendous alternative for large and small investors.

TGR: The tag line on silver-investor.com is “Buy Real. Get Real. Be Real.” How are you staying real?

DS: I love that quote. You buy real by buying the physical metal. You start with that. You get real by looking at yourself in the mirror and understanding that the market doesn’t know you, it doesn’t have anything against you, but you need to know the rules if you’re going to persevere and survive. You stay real by keeping things in perspective. It isn’t just about making money. It’s about doing the right thing, treating people properly, being straightforward and being a lifetime learner.

TGR: Thanks for your insights, David.

David H. Smith is senior analyst for The Morgan Report, as well as a professional writer and communications consultant through his business, The Write Doctor Inc. He is a regular on HoweStreet.com. Smith has visited and written about properties in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, China, Canada and the U.S. He is an investment conference/workshop presenter at gatherings in Canada and the U.S. His work for subscribers can be found on Silver-Investor and for the general public at Silver Guru.

With all the data finally out, the United States gold market suffered a massive deficit over the past three years.  How large was this deficit?  Actually, large enough to supply all the gold for the U.S. Mint’s production of its Gold Eagles for the past twenty years… a huge amount indeed.

While the U.S. gold market enjoyed some annual surpluses in previous years, the amount of the gold that left the country since 2012 was quite remarkable.  In order to calculate a surplus or deficit in the U.S. gold market, we have to include the following data:

Total Supply = Imports + Mine Supply + Recycled Scrap

Total Demand = Exports + Consumption

By inputting this data over the past three years, we have the following chart:

From 2012 to 2014 the U.S. imported 955 metric tons (mt) of gold, had mine production of 677 mt, and recycled 335 of scrap for a total of 1,967 mt of supply.  In contrast, total demand was significantly higher including 1,883 mt of gold exports and 530 mt of consumption for a grand total of 2,413 mt.

Here is the breakdown of the annual U.S. gold market deficits:

2012 = 139 mt

2013 = 228 mt

2014 = 79 mt

Total = 446 mt

As we can see, the U.S. gold market suffered a huge 446 mt deficit since 2012.  The annual gold deficit was the highest in 2013 due to record exports and consumption of 880 mt compared to lower imports, mine supply and scrap of 652 mt.

By converting this 446 mt figure to troy ounces we get a massive 14.3 million ounces (Moz) of gold.  As I mentioned in the beginning of the article, this deficit was large enough to supply all the gold for twenty years worth of U.S. Mint Gold Eagle sales.  Since 1995, the U.S. Mint produced and sold 14.6 Moz of Gold Eagles.  Yeah, I realize it’s a tad bit more than the 14.3 Moz U.S. gold market deficit (2012-2014), but it’s close enough.

So, where did all this gold come from?  That’s a good question.  Probably some of it came from the U.S. Comex gold inventories which declined from 11.5 Moz in 2012 to 7.8 Moz currently.  However, the decline of gold inventories at the Comex was less than 3 Moz, so this wasn’t enough to supplement the 14.3 Moz deficit.

It’s really impossible to know which public or private stocks were drained to fill this huge U.S. gold market deficit, but we can certainly guarantee for sure… it did happen.

I highly doubt the Fed would want to see the price of gold (in U.S. Dollars) falling below $1,100, as some major bank forecasts have stated will occur in the next several years.  I would imagine the Fed has a pretty good idea of the amount of gold fleeing the U.S. to countries abroad.  If the paper Dollar price of gold were to fall below $1,100, this would be another huge buying opportunity for the EAST.

At some point, the Greatest Financial Ponzi Scheme in history will unravel just like the Bernie Madoff scam.  Unfortunately, this will impact the majority of U.S. citizens who have no idea that the Great American Dream will turn into a horrible nightmare.